The SSL/TLS handshake
This section explains how the SSL/TLS handshake establishes a secure communication channel between two endpoints
The SSL/TLS handshake (certificate validation and secure negotiation of symmetric session keys).
The core purpose of the handshake is to enable secure, encrypted communication via:
• Negotiating encryption algorithms (e.g., AES for symmetric encryption).
• Exchanging keys (using asymmetric encryption like RSA or ECC initially, then switching to symmetric encryption for efficiency).
• Ensuring confidentiality by encrypting data in transit.
The handshake ensures:
Confidentiality – Data is encrypted (e.g., using AES).
Integrity – Data isn’t tampered with (via hashes/MACs).
Authentication – The server (and optionally client) proves identity (via certificates).
Forward Secrecy (if using ephemeral keys) – Past sessions can’t be decrypted even if the private key is later compromised.
The SSL/TLS handshake establishes a secure communication channel between two endpoints:
1) Typical case: Client and server
Between a client (e.g., web browser, mobile app) and a server (e.g., website, API).
Example: When you visit
https://example.com
, your browser (client) performs a TLS handshake withexample.com
's server to encrypt all traffic.
2) Other scenarios
Server-to-server communication (e.g., microservices, API gateways).
Peer-to-peer (P2P) applications where both sides authenticate (less common but possible with mutual TLS/mTLS).
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